Die Qing-Dynastie war die letzte Reichsdynastie Chinas, die von 1636 bis 1912 regierte.
Eine -Dynastie ( UK: US: ] ist eine Folge von Herrschern aus derselben Familie, [1] meist im Kontext eines feudalen oder monarchischen Systems, manchmal aber auch in Wahlrepubliken. Alternative Bezeichnungen für "Dynastie" können unter anderem " Haus ", " Familie " und " Clan " umfassen. Die am längsten überlebende Dynastie der Welt ist das Kaiserhaus Japans, auch bekannt als Yamato-Dynastie, deren Regierungszeit traditionell auf [660 v. Chr.] [660 v. Chr.] datiert wird.
Die dynastische Familie oder Abstammungslinie kann als "Adelshaus" bezeichnet werden, [2] das je nach Chef oder Häuptling als "königlich", "fürstlich", "herzoglich", "comital" usw. bezeichnet werden kann jetziger Titel, der von seinen Mitgliedern getragen wird.
Historiker periodisieren die Geschichte zahlreicher Nationen und Zivilisationen, wie beispielsweise das alte Ägypten (3100–30 v. Chr. ) und das imperiale China (221 v. Chr. - 19659012] 19129 ) unter Verwendung eines Rahmens aufeinanderfolgender Dynastien. Der Begriff "Dynastie" kann als solches verwendet werden, um die Ära, in der eine Familie regierte, zu begrenzen und Ereignisse, Trends und Artefakte aus dieser Zeit zu beschreiben (zum Beispiel "eine Vase der Ming-Dynastie"). Das Wort "Dynastie" selbst wird oft von solchen Adjektivreferenzen (id est, "eine Ming-Vase") weggelassen.
Bis zum 19. Jahrhundert wurde davon ausgegangen, dass eine legitime Funktion eines Monarchen darin bestand, seine Dynastie zu vergrößern, dh das Gebiet, den Reichtum und die Macht seiner Familienangehörigen zu erweitern. [3] [3] [3]
Vor dem 20. Jahrhundert galten Dynastien auf der ganzen Welt traditionell als patrilineal, beispielsweise nach dem fränkischen Salic-Gesetz. In Ländern, in denen dies erlaubt war, gründete die Nachfolge durch eine Tochter normalerweise eine neue Dynastie im Herrscherhaus ihres Mannes. Dies hat sich an einigen Orten in Europa geändert, wo Erbfolgegesetze und Konventionen die Dynastien de jure durch eine Frau aufrechterhalten haben. Zum Beispiel wird das Haus von Windsor durch die Kinder von Königin Elizabeth II. Erhalten, wie es bei der Monarchie der Niederlande der Fall war, deren Dynastie das Haus von Orange-Nassau durch drei aufeinanderfolgende Königinnen blieb. Das früheste Beispiel dieser Art unter den großen europäischen Monarchien war das russische Reich im 18. Jahrhundert, in dem der Name des Hauses Romanow durch Großherzogin Anna Petrowna erhalten wurde. In der Provinz Limpopo in Südafrika bestimmte Balobedu den Abstieg matrilineal, während die Herrscher zu anderen Zeiten den Namen der Dynastie ihrer Mutter angenommen hatten, als sie in ihr Erbe eintrat. Seltener wurde eine Monarchie in einem multidynastischen (oder polydynastischen) System abgewechselt oder gedreht - das heißt, die ältesten lebenden Mitglieder paralleler Dynastien bilden zu jedem Zeitpunkt die Nachfolgelinie.
Nicht alle feudalen Staaten oder Monarchien wurden / werden von Dynastien beherrscht; Moderne Beispiele sind der Staat Vatikanstadt, das Fürstentum Andorra und der souveräne Militärhospitallerorden des Hl. Johannes von Jerusalem, von Rhodos und von Malta. Im Laufe der Geschichte gab es Monarchen, die keiner Dynastie angehörten; Nichtdynastische Herrscher sind König Arioald der Langobarden und Kaiser Phokas des Byzantinischen Reiches. Dynastien, die subnationale Monarchien regieren, besitzen keine souveränen Rechte; Zwei moderne Beispiele sind die Monarchien Malaysias und die königlichen Familien der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate.
Das Wort "Dynastie" wird manchmal informell für Personen verwendet, die nicht Herrscher sind, sondern zum Beispiel Mitglieder einer Familie sind, die Einfluss und Macht in anderen Bereichen hat, z. B. einer Reihe von aufeinander folgenden Inhabern eines großen Unternehmens. Es wird auch auf nicht verwandte Personen, wie große Dichter der gleichen Schule oder verschiedene Dienstpläne einer einzelnen Sportmannschaft, ausgedehnt. [1]
Etymology [ edit
Das Wort "Dynastie" stammt aus der lateinischen -Dynastie die aus der griechischen -Dynastéia stammt,
δυναστεία ), wo es sich auf "Macht", "Dominion" bezog "und" herrsche "selbst. [4] Es war das abstrakte Substantiv von dynástēs ( δυνάστης ), [5] das Vertreter-Substantiv von dynamis ( δύναμις ), "Macht" oder "Fähigkeit", [6] aus dýnamai ( δύναμαι ), "fähig zu sein". [7]
Dynasts edit ]
Ein Lineal aus einer Dynastie wird manchmal als "Dynast" bezeichnet, aber dieser Begriff wird auch verwendet, um jedes Mitglied einer regierenden Familie zu beschreiben, das ein Recht auf Thronfolge behält. Zum Beispiel war König Edward VIII. Nach seiner Abdankung kein Dynast des Hauses Windsor.
In historischen und monarchistischen Verweisen auf früher regierende Familien ist ein "Dynast" ein Familienmitglied, das Nachfolgerechte hätte, wenn die Regeln der Monarchie noch in Kraft wären. Nach den Attentaten auf den Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand von Österreich im Jahr 1914 und auf seine Frau, die Herzogin Sophie von Hohenberg, wurde ihr Sohn, Herzog Maximilian, für den österreichisch-ungarischen Thron umgangen, weil er kein habsburgischer Herrscher war. Herzog Maximilian und seine Nachkommen wurden von den österreichischen Monarchisten auch nach der Abschaffung der österreichischen Monarchie nicht als rechtmäßige Prätendenten betrachtet und haben diese Position auch nicht beansprucht.
Der Begriff "Dynast" wird manchmal nur verwendet, um agnatische Nachkommen von Monarchen eines Reiches zu bezeichnen, und manchmal auch diejenigen, die durch kognitive königliche Abstammung Nachfolgerechte besitzen. Der Begriff kann daher überlappende, aber unterschiedliche Personengruppen beschreiben. Zum Beispiel ist David Armstrong-Jones, 2. Earl of Snowdon, ein Neffe von Königin Elizabeth II. Durch ihre Schwester Prinzessin Margaret, in der Nachfolge der britischen Krone; In diesem Sinne ist er ein britischer Dynast, aber da er kein patrilineales Mitglied der britischen Königsfamilie ist, ist er daher auch kein Dynast des Hauses Windsor.
Auf der anderen Seite besitzt der deutsche Aristokrat Prinz Ernst August von Hannover, ein männlicher Nachkomme von König George III. Des Vereinigten Königreichs, keinen britischen Namen, Titel oder Stil (obwohl er berechtigt ist, den früheren König zurückzufordern) Herzogtum Cumberland). Er wurde in der Nachfolge zum britischen Thron geboren und war durch das Royal Marriages Act 1772 von Großbritannien gebunden, bis es mit dem Inkrafttreten des Kronzeugengesetzes von 2013 am 26. März 2015 aufgehoben wurde. [8] So beantragte und erhielt er förmlich Erlaubnis von Königin Elizabeth II., die römisch-katholische Prinzessin Caroline von Monaco im Jahr 1999 zu heiraten. In dieser Zeit blieb jedoch eine Klausel des englischen Abwicklungsgesetzes von 1701 in Kraft, in der festgelegt wurde, dass Dynastien, die Katholiken heiraten, zu diesem Zweck als "tot" angesehen werden Nachfolger des britischen Thrones. [9] Auch dieser Ausschluss trat am 26. März 2015 nicht mehr in Kraft und wirkte sich rückwirkend auf diejenigen aus, die vor ihrer Auslösung durch einen katholischen Katholiken Dynastien gewesen waren. [8] [8]
Eine "dynastische Ehe" entspricht den Beschränkungen des monarchischen Hausrechts, so dass die Nachkommen den Thron oder andere königliche Privilegien erben können. Die Ehe von König Willem-Alexander der Niederlande mit Königin Máxima Zorreguieta im Jahr 2002 war zum Beispiel dynastisch, und ihr ältestes Kind, Prinzessin Catharina-Amalia, wird voraussichtlich die Krone der Niederlande erben. Der Ehe seines jüngeren Bruders Prinz Friso von Orange-Nassau mit Prinzessin Mabel von Orange-Nassau im Jahr 2003 fehlte jedoch die Unterstützung der Regierung und die Zustimmung des Parlaments. So verlor Prinz Friso seinen Platz in der Rangfolge der Thronfolge, verlor seinen Titel als "Prinz der Niederlande" und ließ seine Kinder ohne dynastische Rechte zurück.
Galerie [ edit ]
Yi Dan, König Taejo von Joseon, regierte von 1392 bis 1398 als erster König von Joseon Korea.
Ranavalona I. aus der Hova-Dynastie war von 1828 bis 1861 Königin von Madagaskar.
Wang Jeon, König Gongmin von Goryeo, regierte von 1351 bis 1374 Korea als König von Goryeo.
Liste der Dynastien und Dynastien nach Region [ edit
Einige Dynastien erscheinen mehr als einmal in dieser Liste, weil:
Afrika [ edit ]
Zentralafrikanische Republik [ bearbeiten ]
Tschad [ edit ]
Kongo [ edit ]
Haus von Kilukeni ( AD 1390–1567) - Königreich Kongo
Königreich Loango ( AD 1550–1883)
Kwilu Dynasty [] 19659011] AD 1568–1622, AD 1626–1636) - Königreich Kongo
Königreich Luba ( AD 1585–1889)
Haus von Nsundi ( AD 1622–1626) - Königreich Kongo
Königreich Lunda ( AD 1665–1887)
House of Kinlaza [ AD 1665–1666, AD 1669–1716, AD 1743–1752, AD 1764–1787, 1842–1857 , AD 1859–1891) - Königreich Kongo
Haus von Kimpanzu ( AD 1665, AD 1666–1669, 1666–1669, 1669–1670, AD 1673–1715, AD 1718–1743, AD [1965901] 2] 1752–1758, AD 1763–1764, AD 1857–1859, AD 1891–1896) - Königreich Kongo
House von Água Rosada ( AD 1688–1718, AD 1803–1842) - Königreich Kongo
Königreich Anziku ( 17. Jahrhundert –19 Jahrhundert)
Haus von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha ( AD 1885–1920) - Kongo-Freistaat ( AD 1885–1908) und Kongo unter belgischer Herrschaft ([19659011] AD 1908–1920)
Ägypten [ edit
Eswatini (Swasiland) [ edit ]
Äthiopien [ bearbeiten ]
Guinea [ bearbeiten ]
Lesotho [ edit ]
House of Moshesh (1822 – heute)
Madagaskar [ edit
Marokko [ bearbeiten ]
Nigeria [ bearbeiten ]
Senegambia [ edit ]
Somalia [ bearbeiten ]
Südafrika [ bearbeiten ]
Sudan [ bearbeiten ]
Asien [ edit ]
Afghanistan [ bearbeiten ]
Armenien [ edit ]
Bahrain [ edit ]
Bhutan [ edit ]
Haus von Wangchuck (དབང་ present རྒྱལ་ བརྒྱུད་) (1907-heute)
Brunei [ edit ]
Kambodscha [ edit ]
Varman-Dynastie (13. Jahrhundert bis heute)
Zentralasien [ edit ]
Champa [ bearbeiten ]
1. Dynastie (192–336)
2. Dynastie (336–420)
3. Dynastie (420–529)
4. Dynastie (529–758)
5. Dynastie (758–854)
6. Dynastie (854–989)
7. Dynastie (989–1044)
8. Dynastie (1044–1074)
9. Dynastie (1074–1139)
10. Dynastie (1139–1139)
11. Dynastie (1145–1190)
12. Dynastie (1190–1318)
13. Dynastie (1318–1390)
14. Dynastie (1390–1458)
15. Dynastie (1458–1445)
vakant (1471–1695)
Dynastie von Po Saktiraidaputih (1695–1822)
China [ edit ]
Drei Herrscher und fünf Kaiser ( 五帝 9 [1965990] [1965990] [2865–9070] [2865–9070] [1965990] [2865–9070] [285–97090] ) - Mythisch
Yu-Dynastie ( 朝 19 ] - - - [19909090] ( 19 (2070–1600 BC ) - [19456523] Semi-legendary ; Regiert vom Haus Si (姒) der Huaxia-Abstammung
Shang-Dynastie ( 19
regierte die Zhou-Dynastie ( 19 ) (1046–256 v. Chr. ) - Regiert vom Haus Ji (姬) der Huaxia-Abstammung
West-Zhou ( 西周 [19659187] 19 19 ) (1046–771 v. Chr. )
östliches Zhou ( 90 / 東周) (770–255 v. Chr. )
Frühlings- und Herbstzeit ( ). 19659187] ( 91 / / 春秋) (771–476 BC )
In der Frühlings- und Herbstperiode wurden insgesamt 148 dynastische Staaten erfasst (siehe Liste).
Die Zeit der kriegführenden Staaten ( ] 9 18] 19 ㄨ ㄛ ˊ 戰國 ㄉ ㄉ ㄞ ˋ / 戰國 時代] (475–221 v. Chr. )
Yue ( 19 19 ( (2032–334 BC ) von Si (姒) des Huaxia-Abstiegs
Ba ( 19 19 (1122–316 ))) Durch das Haus Ji (姬) von Huaxia abstammend (19659909) v. Chr. ) - Regiert vom Haus von Zi (of) von Huaxia Abstammung
Cai ( 9 ) (1046–447 v. Chr. ) - Wird vom Haus Ji (姬) des Abfalls von Huaxia
Teng ( 19 regiert ) (1046–297 v. Chr. ) - Das Haus des Ji (Ji) von Huaxia abstammt
Qi [ ] 齐 [19659187] 19 19 / 齊) (1046–221 v. Chr. )
Shu ( 90 ) (1045–316 v. Chr. )
Yan ( 9 ]) (1044–222 v. Chr. ) - Wird vom Haus Ji (姬) des Abfalls von Huaxia
Lu [ 鲁 ) / 魯) (1042–249 v. Chr. ) - Wird vom Haus Ji (姬) von Huaxia abstammend
Wei [ regiert ] 19 (19659190) / (1040–209 v. Chr. ) - - Wird vom Haus von Ji (姬) von Huaxia Descent beherrscht
Chu ( 楚 19 19 – ) (1030–223 BC ) von Mi (芈) des Huaxia-Abstiegs [19659057] Qin ( 秦 19 19 (897–207 BC ) [19456523]] von Ying (贏) der Huaxia-Abstammung
Zheng ( 郑 ( / 鄭) (806–375 ) (806–375 ) (806–375 ) ]) - Regiert vom Haus Ji (姬) des Abstiegs von Huaxia
Yiqu ( 义 ) / 義 渠) (720–272 v. Chr. )
Zhongshan ( ] 18 –296 v. Chr. ) - Wird vom Haus Ji (姬) von Beidi
Han ( 19 ] / 韓) (403–230 v. Chr. ) - Wird vom Haus Ji (姬) des Abends von Huaxia
Wei [ 19 regiert ] 19 ) ) (403–225 v. Chr. ) - Regiert vom Haus Ji (姬) der Huaxia-Abstammung
Zhao [ 赵 ( 19 / 趙) (403–222 v. Chr. ) - Durch das Haus von Ying (贏) von Huaxia Descent
regiert Dai ( 19 19 19659190] (228–222 v. Chr. ) - (90)
Minyue ( / / / /) (334–111 v. Chr. ) - Regiert vom Haus von Zou (驺 / 騶)
Dian Königreich ( 19 / 滇 國) (278–109 v. Chr. )
Qin-Dynastie ( 19 ( 19 ㄣ ˊ ㄔ ㄠ [19659190]) (221–206 v. Chr. ) - Durch das Haus von Ying (贏) von Huaxia abstammend
Xiongnu-Konföderation ( 19 19 19 91 ) (209 v. Chr. n. Chr. [48] - . Das Haus wird von Luandi (挛 鞮 / 攣 鞮 攣) von Xiongnus Abstammung
Western Chu ( 楚 9 19 ㄒ ㄧ ㄔ ㄔ ㄨ 19 (19659190] (206–202 ) - Regiert vom Haus Xiang (项 / Hu) der Huaxia-Abstammung
Nanyue ( . 111 v. Chr. ) - Regiert vom Haus von Zhao (赵 / 趙) von Huaxias Abstieg
Han-Dynastie ( 19 65 ㄏ ㄢ / 漢朝) (202 BC - AD 9 AD 23–220] - ] durch das Haus von Liu (刘 / 劉) Han-chinesischer Abstammung
Western Han ( 西漢 / 西漢) ( 202 BC - AD 9)
Xuan Han ( ) / 玄漢) ( AD 23–25)
Eastern Han ( / [] ( AD 25–220)
Yelang ( 9 ] ㄧ ㄧ 19] 19 ]) (3. Jahrhundert bis 27 v. Chr. )
Shule Kingdom ( ㄨ ㄌ ㄜ 19 ] 200 v. Chr. - n. Chr. 790)
Dong'ou ( 19 ㄡ 19 19 19 ㄡ ] / 東 甌) (191–138 v. Chr. ) - Durch das Haus von Zou regiert (驺 / 騶)
Königreich Loulan ( [19659188] ㄌ ㄡ ˊ ㄌ ㄢ ˊ 19 / 樓蘭) (176–77 v. Chr. )
Shanshan ( 19 ˋ ㄢ ˋ ㄕ ㄕ ㄕ ㄢ 19 ] (77 BC - - 448)
Gouding ( 句 19 ㄧ 909 ] - AD 316)
Kucha ( 19 9 8 91 龜茲 / 龜茲) (72 /) (72). 19659011] BC - AD 788)
Jushi Kingdom ( ) 8 19 (71 v. Chr. - n. Chr. 508)
Goguryeo ( ) / 高句麗) (37 v. Chr. - n. Chr. 668) - Durch das House of Go (高) von Yemaek abstammend
Xin-Dynastie () 19 朝 [19659187] 65 90] ㄣ ㄔ ㄠ ˊ 19 ) ( AD 9–23) - Unterbrach die Han-Dynastie; Regiert durch das Haus von Wang (of) Han-chinesischer Abstammung
Chengjia ( 19 ㄥ ㄥ ㄐ ㄐ ㄧ ) ) ) ) 65 ) ) (19659909]) AD 25–36) - Beherrscht vom Haus Gongsun (公孙 / 公孫) Han chinesischer Abstammung
Königreich Khotan ( 9 65 9 9) ㄢ ˊ ] / 于闐) ( n. Chr. 56–1006) - regiert vom Haus Yuchi (尉迟 / 尉遲) der Saka-Abstammung
Zhongjia ( ) ) AD 197–199] Haus des Yuan (袁) Han-chinesischer Abstammung
Drei Königreiche ( ㄙ ㄢ ㄍ ㄨ ㄨ ㄛ 19 (19659901/19659901) AD 220–280)
Cao Wei ( 19 19 ㄠ ˊ ㄨ ㄨ ㄟ ㄟ 19 (19659011) AD 220–2666] Beherrscht durch das Haus von Cao (of) von Han chinesischer Abstammung
Shu Han ( ㄨ ˇ ˇ ㄏ 19 / 蜀漢) ( AD 221–263) - Regiert vom Haus von Liu (刘 / of) der Han-Chinesen
Eastern Wu ( / [] (19659011] 222–280) - Durch das Haus der Sonne (孙 / 孫) der Han-Chinesischen Abstammung
Jin-Dynastie ( 19 ㄧ 1 ˋ ㄔ ㄔ 晉朝 / /] AD 266–316, AD 317–420) - Regiert vom Haus Sima (司马 / 司馬) der Han-Chinesen
Western Jin ( [19] 659186] 西晋 19 ㄧ ㄐ ㄧ ㄧ ㄣ 19 19 / 西晉) ( AD 266–316)
Später Zhao ( 后 赵 18] 19 8 19 18 / 65 趙) ( AD 319–351) - Durch das Haus von Shi (石) von Jies Abstieg
Der ehemalige Liang [ (19659011) [320-376] - - Durch das Haus von Zhang (张 / 張) regiert Han chinesischer Abstammung
Der ehemalige Yan ( 65 65 8 ㄑ ㄧ ㄧ ㄢ ˊ ㄧ AD - Durch das Haus Murong (慕容) des Abstiegs von Xianbei
Der ehemalige Qin ( 19 ㄧ ㄢ ˊ 19 19 19 19 19 19 9 19 19659190]) ( AD 351–394) - Beherrscht vom Haus Fu (of) des Abstiegs von Di
Später Yan ( 后燕 ([19659188] 91 ㄡ 9 ㄧ ㄧ 19 91 / 後燕) ( AD 384–409) - Wird vom Murong-Haus (慕容) des Xianbei-Abstiegs
regiert Qin ( 19 9 65 ㄡ 9 ㄑ ㄧ ㄧ ㄧ 19 19 / [] (19659011] AD 384–417) - [19456523] ] Regiert vom Haus Yao (姚) der Qiang-Abstammung
West-Qin ( 91 ㄑ ㄧ ㄧ 19 ) ) [] 19659011] AD 385–400, AD 409–431) - Durch das Haus von Qifu (乞 伏) von Xianbei abstammend
Später Liang ( 19 ㄡ ˋ ㄌ ㄧ ㄧ / ㄤ 19 / / 後) (19659011] AD 386–403) - Durch das Haus von Lüden (吕 / 呂) von Di Descent
Southern Liang ( 凉 9 ㄋ ㄢ ˊ ㄧ ㄧ 19 / 南 涼) AD 39 7–414) - Wird vom Tuffhaus von Xianbei
im Norden Liangs ( 19 18 19 19 19 19 R R) regiert ㄤ ˊ ) / 北 涼) ( AD 397–439) - Durch das Haus von Juqu (沮 渠) von Xiongnu abstammend
Northern Liang von Gaochang ( [1965918]] )
Southern Yan ( 南燕 ( 65 ㄢ 1 ˊ ㄧ 19 (19659011] AD 398 –410) - Wird vom Haus Murong (慕容) des Abstiegs von Xianbei
West-Liang ( 西凉 ㄒ (ㄧ ㄌ ㄧ ˊ regiert. / 西涼) ( AD 400–421) - Durch das Haus von Li (李) Han-chinesischer Abstammung
Xia (1945912) regiert 7] 夏 ( ㄧ ㄚ ˋ 19 ] ( AD 407–431) - In Besitz des Hauses Helian (赫连/赫連) of Xiongnu descent
Northern Yan (北燕(ㄅㄟˇ ㄧㄢ)) (AD 407 –436) – Ruled by the House of Feng (冯/馮) of Han Chinese descent
Dai (代( ㄉㄞˋ)) (AD 310–376) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
Rouran Khaganate ([19659186]柔然(ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ)) (AD 330–555) – Ruled by the House of Yujiulü (郁久闾/鬱久閭)
Ran Wei (冉魏(ㄖㄢˇ ㄨㄟˋ)) (AD 350– 352) – Ruled by the House of Ran (冉) of Han Chinese descent
Duan Qi (段齐(ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄑㄧˊ)/段齊) (AD 350–356) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Xianbei descent
Western Yan (西燕(ㄒㄧ ㄧㄢ)) (AD 384–394) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
Zhai Wei (翟魏(ㄓㄞˊ ㄨㄟˋ)) (AD 388–392) – Ruled by the House of Zhai (翟) of Dingling descent
Huan Chu (桓楚(ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄔㄨˇ)) (AD 401–404) – Ruled by the House of Huan (桓) of Han Chinese descent
Western Shu (西蜀([19659188]ㄒㄧ ㄕㄨˇ)) (AD 405–413) – Ruled by the House of Qiao (谯/譙) of Han Chinese descent
Northern and Southern dynasties (南北朝(ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 420–589)
Northern dynasties (北朝(ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄠˊ))
Northern Wei (北魏(ㄅㄟˇ ㄨㄟˋ)) (AD 386–535) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
Eastern Wei (东魏(ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨㄟˋ)/東魏) (AD 534–550)
Western Wei (西魏(ㄒㄧ ㄨㄟˋ)) (AD 535–557)
Northern Qi (北齐(ㄅㄟˇ ㄑㄧˊ)/北齊) (AD 550–577) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Han Chinese descent
Northern Zhou (北周(ㄅㄟˇ ㄓㄡ)) (AD 557–581) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xianbei descent
Southern dynasties (南朝(ㄋㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ))
Liu Song (刘宋(ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ)/劉宋) (AD 420–479) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
Southern Qi (南齐(ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ)/南齊) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (萧/蕭) of Han Chinese descent
Liang dynasty (梁朝(ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 502–557) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (萧/蕭) of Han Chinese descent
Western Liang (西梁(ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ)) (AD 555–587)
Liang (梁(ㄌㄧㄤˊ)) (AD 617–621)
Chen dynasty (陈朝(ㄔㄣˊ ㄔㄠˊ)/陳朝) (AD 557–589) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陈/陳) of Han Chinese descent
Hou Han (侯汉(ㄏㄡˊ ㄏㄢˋ)/侯漢) (AD 551–552) – Ruled by the House of Hou (侯) of Jie descent
Turkic Khaganate (突厥汗国(ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/突厥汗國) (AD 552–630) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
Mong Mao (勐卯(ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄠˇ)) (AD 560–1604)
Sui dynasty (隋朝(ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 581–618) – Ruled by the House of Yang (杨/楊) of Han Chinese descent
Xueyantuo (薛延陀(ㄒㄩㄝ ㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ)) (AD 605–646)
Xia (夏(ㄒㄧㄚˋ)) (AD 617–621) – Ruled by the House of Dou (窦/竇) of Han Chinese descent
Liang (梁(ㄌㄧㄤˊ)) (AD 617–628) – Ruled by the House of Liang (梁) of Han Chinese descent
Liang (凉(ㄌㄧㄤˊ)/涼) (AD 618–619) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
Xu (许(ㄒㄩˇ)/許) (AD 618–619) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xianbei descent
Tang dynasty (唐朝(ㄊㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 618–690, AD 705–907) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
Wu Zhou (武周(ㄨˇ ㄓㄡ)) (AD 690–705) – Interrupted the Tang dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wu (武) of Han Chinese descent
Zheng (郑(ㄓㄥˋ)/鄭) (AD 619–621) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
Balhae (渤海(ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ)) (AD 698–926) – Ruled by the House of Dae (大) of Mohe descent
Nanzhao (南诏(ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄠˋ)/南詔) (AD 738–902) – Ruled by the House of Meng (蒙) of Bai descent
Dali (大礼(ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ)/大禮) (AD 859–877)
Dafengmin (大封民(ㄉㄚˋ ㄈㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ)) (AD 878–902)
Uyghur Khaganate (回鹘汗国(ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/回鶻汗國) (AD 744–840) – Ruled by the House of Yaglakar (药罗葛/藥羅葛) of Uyghur descent and the House of Ediz (阿跌) of Tiele descent
Yan (燕(ㄧㄢ)) (AD 756–763)
Former Yan (前燕(ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄧㄢ)) (AD 756–759) – Ruled by the House of An (安) of Sogdian descent
Later Yan (后燕(ㄏㄡˋ ㄧㄢ)/後燕) (AD 759–763) – Ruled by the House of Shi (史) of Göktürk descent
Qocho (高昌回鹘(ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ)/高昌回鶻) (AD 843–1370)
Qi (齐(ㄑㄧˊ)/齊) (AD 881–884) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黄/黃) of Han Chinese descent
Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (甘州回鹘(ㄍㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ)/甘州回鶻) (AD 894–1036) – Ruled by the House of Yaglakar (药罗葛/藥羅葛) of Uyghur descent
Dachanghe (大长和(ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄤˊ ㄏㄜˊ)/大長和) (AD 902–928) – Ruled by the House of Zheng (郑/鄭) of Han Chinese descent
Qi (岐(ㄑㄧˊ)) (AD 907–924) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十国(ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/五代十國) (AD 907–960)
Five Dynasties (五代(ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ))
Later Liang (后梁(ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ)/後梁) (AD 907–923) – Ruled by the House of Zhu (朱) of Han Chinese descent
Later Tang (后唐(ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄤˊ)/後唐) (AD 923–937) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Shatuo descent
Jin (晋(ㄐㄧㄣˋ)/晉) (AD 907–923)
Later Jin (后晋(ㄏㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ)/後晉) (AD 936–947) – Ruled by the House of Shi (石) of Shatuo descent
Later Han (后汉(ㄏㄡˋ ㄏㄢˋ)/後漢) (AD 947–951) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Shatuo descent
Later Zhou (后周(ㄏㄡˋ ㄓㄡ)/後周) (AD 951–960) – Ruled by the House of Guo (郭) of Han Chinese descent
Ten Kingdoms (十国(ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/十國)
Former Shu (前蜀(ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄨˇ)) (AD 907–925) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han Chinese descent
Yang Wu (杨吴(ㄧㄤˊ ㄨˊ)/楊吳) (AD 907–937) – Ruled by the House of Yang (杨/楊) of Han Chinese descent
Ma Chu (马楚(ㄇㄚˇ ㄔㄨˇ)/馬楚) (AD 907–951) – Ruled by the House of Ma (马/馬) of Han Chinese descent
Wuyue (吴越(ㄨˊ ㄩㄝˋ)/吳越) (AD 907–978) – Ruled by the House of Qian (钱/錢) of Han Chinese descent
Min Kingdom (闽(ㄇㄧㄣˇ)/閩) (AD 909–945) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han Chinese descent
Yin (殷(ㄧㄣ)) (AD 943–945)
Southern Han (南汉(ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ)/南漢) (AD 917–971) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
Jingnan (荊南(ㄐㄧㄥ ㄋㄢˊ)) (AD 924–963) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Han Chinese descent
Later Shu (后蜀(ㄏㄡˋ ㄕㄨˇ)/後蜀) (AD 934–965) – Ruled by the House of Meng (孟) of Han Chinese descent
Southern Tang (南唐(ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄤˊ)) (AD 937–976) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
Northern Han (北汉(ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄢˋ)/北漢) (AD 951–979) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Shatuo descent
Liao dynasty (辽朝(ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄔㄠˊ)/遼朝) (AD 907–1125) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
Northern Liao (北辽(ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ)/北遼) (AD 1122–1123)
Western Liao (西辽(ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄠˊ)/西遼) (AD 1124–1218)
Eastern Liao (东辽(ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄠˊ)/東遼) (AD 1213–1269)
Later Liao (后辽(ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ)/後遼) (AD 1216–1219)
Zhao (赵(ㄓㄠˋ)/趙) (AD 910–921) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han Chinese descent
Yan (燕(ㄧㄢ)) (AD 911–914) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
Dongdan Kingdom (东丹(ㄉㄨㄥ ㄉㄢ)/東丹) (AD 926–936) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
Datianxing (大天兴(ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄥ)/大天興) (AD 928–929) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (赵/趙)
Dayining (大义宁(ㄉㄚˋ ㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ)/大義寧) (AD 929–937) – Ruled by the House of Yang (杨/楊) of Han Chinese descent
Dali Kingdom (大理国(ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/大理國) (AD 937–1094, AD 1096–1253) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
Later Dali (后大理(ㄏㄡˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ)/後大理) (AD 1096–1253)
Jeongan (定安国(ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/定安國) (AD 938–986)
Song dynasty (宋朝(ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 960–1279) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (赵/趙) of Han Chinese descent
Northern Song (北宋(ㄅㄟˇ ㄙㄨㄥˋ)) (AD 960–1127)
Southern Song (南宋(ㄋㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ)) (AD 1127–1279)
Li Shu (李蜀(ㄌㄧˇ ㄕㄨˇ)) (AD 994) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han Chinese descent
Heungyo (兴辽国(ㄒㄧㄥ ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/興遼國) (AD 1029–1030) – Ruled by the House of Dae (大)
Changqi (长其(ㄔㄤˊ ㄑㄧˊ)/長其) (AD 1029–1055) – Ruled by the House of Nong (侬/儂) of Zhuang descent
Dali (大历(ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ)/大歷) (AD 1041–1045)
Nantian (南天(ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄧㄢ)) (AD 1045–1052)
Danan (大南(ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄢˊ)) (AD 1052–1055)
Western Xia (西夏(ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧㄚˋ)) (AD 1038–1227) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓跋) of Tangut descent
Dazhong Kingdom (大中国(ㄉㄚˋ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/大中國) (AD 1094–1096) – Interrupted the Dali Kingdom; Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Bai descent
Ziqi Kingdom (自杞国(ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/自杞國) (AD 1100–1259)
Jin dynasty (金朝(ㄐㄧㄣ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 1115–1234) – Ruled by the House of Wanyan (完颜/完顏) of Jurchen descent
Xi (奚(ㄒㄧ)) (AD 1123) – Ruled by the House of Xi (奚) of Kumo Xi descent
Chu (楚(ㄔㄨˇ)) (AD 1127) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (张/張) of Han Chinese descent
Liu Qi (刘齐(ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧˊ)/劉齊) (AD 1130–1137) – Ruled by the House of Liu (刘/劉) of Han Chinese descent
Mongol Empire (蒙古帝国(ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/蒙古帝國) (AD 1206–1368) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛儿只斤/孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
Chagatai Khanate (察合台汗国(ㄔㄚˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/察合台汗國) (AD 1225–1346)
Moghulistan (东察合台汗国(ㄉㄨㄥ ㄔㄚˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/東察合台汗國) (AD 1347–1680)
Yuan dynasty (元朝(ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 1271–1368)
Eastern Xia (东夏(ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˋ)/東夏) (AD 1215–1233) – Ruled by the House of Puxian (蒲鲜/蒲鮮) of Jurchen descent
Tianwan (天完(ㄊㄧㄢ ㄨㄢˊ)) (AD 1351–1360) – Ruled by the House of Xu (徐) of Han Chinese descent
Zhou (周(ㄓㄡ)) (AD 1354–1367) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (张/張) of Han Chinese descent
Han Song (韩宋(ㄏㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ)/韓宋) (AD 1355–1366) – Ruled by the House of Han (韩/韓) of Han Chinese descent
Chen Han (陈汉(ㄔㄣˊ ㄏㄢˋ)/陳漢) (AD 1360–1364) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陈/陳) of Han Chinese descent
Ming Xia (明夏(ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ)) (AD 1362–1371) – Ruled by the House of Ming (明) of Han Chinese descent
Ming dynasty (明朝(ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 1368–1644) – Ruled by the House of Zhu (朱) of Han Chinese descent
Western Wu (西吴(ㄒㄧ ㄨˊ)/西吳) (AD 1364–1368)
Southern Ming (南明(ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ)) (AD 1644–1662)
Kara Del (哈密国(ㄏㄚ ㄇㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/哈密國) (AD 1380–1513)
Dzungar Khanate (准噶尔汗国(ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄍㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/準噶爾汗國) (AD 1634–1758) – Ruled by the House of Choros (绰罗斯/綽羅斯) of Oirat descent
Qing dynasty (清朝(ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄠˊ)) (AD 1636–1912, AD 1917) – Ruled by the House of Aisin Gioro (爱新觉罗/愛新覺羅) of Manchu descent
Later Jin (后金(ㄏㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣ)/後金) (AD 1616–1636)
Shun dynasty (顺朝(ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ)/順朝) (AD 1644–1645) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Tangut descent
Xi (西(ㄒㄧ)) (AD 1644–1646) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (张/張) of Han Chinese descent
Kingdom of Tungning (东宁王国(ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/東寧王國) (AD 1661–1683) – Ruled by the House of Zheng (郑/鄭) of Han Chinese descent
Zhou (吴周(ㄨˊ ㄓㄡ)/吳周) (AD 1678–1681) – Ruled by the House of Wu (吴/吳) of Han Chinese descent
Kingdom of Middag (大肚王国(ㄉㄚˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/大肚王國) (?–AD 1732)
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天国(ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/太平天國) (AD 1851–1864) – Ruled by the House of Hong (洪) of Han Chinese descent
Pingnan Sultanate (平南苏丹国(ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄙㄨ ㄉㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/平南蘇丹國) (AD 1856–1873) – Ruled by the House of Du (杜) of Hui descent
Empire of China (中华帝国(ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ)/中華帝國) (AD 1915–1916) – Ruled by the House of Yuan (袁) of Han Chinese descent
Kingdom of Tjaquvuquvulj (大龟文(ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄨㄣˊ)/大龜文) (?–AD 1930)
Mauli dynasty, Dharmasraya and Pagaruyung kingdoms
Rajasa dynasty, Singhasari kingdom (1222–1292) and Majapahit empire (1293 – ca. 1500)
Four successor dynasties to Sultanate of Mataram : Pakubuwono, Hamengkubuwono, Paku Alaman, and Mangkunegaran (18th century – present)
Ambeno
Azmatkhan
Kingdom of Iha
Luwu
Warmadewa dynasty (914–1119)
Jaya dynasty (1133–1343)
Mauli (1183–?)
Rajasa dynasty (1222–1292, 1294–1527)
Samudera Pasai Sultanate (1267–1521)
Demak Sultanate (1475–1554)
Sultanate of Cirebon (1479–1926)
Aceh Sultanate (1496–1903)
Jamal ul-Lail dynasty (1699–1727)
Bugis dynasty (1727–1903)
Malacca-Johor dynasty (1528–1699)
Tanette (1547–?)
Asahan Sultanate (1630–1946)
Sultanate of Deli (1632–1946)
Bone state (1634–1905, 1931–1950)
Amanatun (1642–1962)
Amabi (1652–1917)
Bendahara dynasty (1699–1911)
Amarasi (?–1962)
Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (1723–1946)
Sultanate of Serdang (1728–?)
Hamengkubuwono (1755–present) – Ruling house of the Yogyakarta Sultanate (Non-sovereign)
House of Hanover (1785–1824) – Bengkulu under British rule
House of Orange-Nassau (1816–1942, 1945–1949) – Indonesia under Dutch rule
Iran (Persia)[edit]
Median Kingdom (678–549 BC)
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Argead dynasty (336–306 BC) – Persia under Macedonian rule
Seleucid dynasty (311–129 BC)
Arsacid dynasty (247 BC–AD 228)
House of Sasan (AD 224–590, AD 591–629, AD 630–651)
House of Mihran (AD 590–591, AD 629)
House of Ispahbudhan (AD 591–600, AD 630–631)
Rashidun Caliphate (AD 642–661)
Bavand dynasty (AD 651–1349)
Paduspanid dynasty (AD 655–1598)
Umayyad Caliphate (AD 661–750)
Abbasid Caliphate (AD 750–946)
Samanid Empire (AD 819–999)
Saffarid dynasty (AD 861–1003)
Ghurid dynasty (AD 879–1215)
Ziyarid dynasty (AD 930–1090)
Buyid dynasty (AD 934–1062)
Buyids of Fars (AD 933–1062)
Buyids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamadan (AD 935–1038)
Buyids of Iraq and Khuzistan (AD 945–1055)
Ghaznavid dynasty (AD 977–1186)
Kakuyid dynasty (AD 1008–1141)
Seljuq dynasty (AD 1029–1191)
Salghurids (AD 1148–1282)
Khwarazmian dynasty (AD 1153–1220)
Eldiguzids (AD 1191)
Mongol Empire (AD 1220–1256)
Qutlugh-Khanids (AD 1222–1306) – Successor to Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty); Also called "Kirmanid dynasty"
Kurt dynasty (AD 1244–1381)
Muzaffarid dynasty (AD 1314–1393)
House of Inju (AD 1335–1357)
Jalairid Sultanate (AD 1336–1432)
Sarbadars (AD 1337–1381)
Chobanids (AD 1338–1360)
Timurid dynasty (AD 1370–1459, AD 1469–1507) – Timurid Empire
Kara Koyunlu (AD 1378–1468)
Aq Qoyunlu (AD 1378–1497)
Safavid dynasty (AD 1501–1722, AD 1729–1736, AD 1749–1750)
Hotak dynasty (AD 1722–1729)
Afsharid dynasty (AD 1736–1749, AD 1750–1796)
Zand dynasty (AD 1751–1794)
Qajar dynasty (AD 1789–1925)
Pahlavi dynasty (AD 1925–1979)
Israel[edit]
Japan[edit]
Imperial House of Japan (皇室(こうしつ)) (660 BC (legendary) – present) – Also called "Yamato dynasty"
Northern Court (北朝(ほくちょう)) (AD 1331–1392) – Also called "Jimyōin line" (持明院統(じみょういんとう))
Southern Court (南朝(なんちょう)) (AD 1336–1392) – Also called "Daikakuji line" (大覚寺統(だいかくじとう))
Jordan[edit]
Korea[edit]
Gojoseon (고조선/古朝鮮) (2333 BC (legendary) – 108 BC)
Takri Kingdom (고리국/槀離國) (c. 5th century–2nd century BC)
Jin (진/辰) (c. 4th century–2nd century BC)
Dongye (동예/東濊) (c. 3rd century BC–AD 5th century)
Buyeo (부여/夫餘) (c. 2nd century BC–AD 494)
Okjeo (옥저/沃沮) (c. 2nd century BC–AD 5th century)
Han dynasty (한나라/漢朝) (c. 108 BC–AD 9, AD 30–220) – Ruled by the House of Liu (유/劉); Chinese rule over the Korean Peninsula as far south as the Han River under the Four Commanderies of Han (한사군/漢四郡)
Nakrang Kingdom (낙랑국/樂浪國) (c. 1st century BC–AD 37)
Samhan (삼한/三韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 5th century)
Jinhan (진한/辰韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 4th century)
Mahan (마한/馬韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 5th century)
Byeonhan (변한/弁韓) (c. 1st century–4th century AD)
Three Kingdoms of Korea (삼국/三國) (57 BC–AD 668)
Silla (신라/新羅) (57 BC–AD 935) – Ruled by the House of Kim (김/金)
Goguryeo (고구려/高句麗) (37 BC–AD 668) – Ruled by the House of Go (고/高)
Little Goguryeo (소고구려/小高句麗) (AD 699–820) – Hypothesized
Baekje (백제/百濟) (18 BC–AD 660) – Ruled by the House of Buyeo (부여/扶餘)
Tamna (탐라/耽羅) (57 BC–AD 1402)
Xin dynasty (신나라/新朝) (AD 9–23) – Interrupted the Han dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wang (왕/王)
Gaya (가야/伽倻) (AD 42–562)
Daegaya (대가야/大伽倻) (AD 42–562)
Geumgwan Gaya (금관가야/金官伽倻) (AD 43–532)
Bihwa Gaya (비화가야/非火伽倻) (?–AD 555)
Ara Gaya (아라가야/阿羅伽倻) (?–AD 559)
Goryeong Gaya (고령가야/古寧伽倻) (?–AD 562)
Cao Wei (조위/曹魏) (c. AD 236–265) – Ruled by the House of Cao (조/曹); Chinese rule over the Korean Peninsula under the Daifang Commandery (대방군/帶方郡)
Jin dynasty (진(위진)/晉朝) (c. AD 266–314) – Ruled by the House of Sima (사마/司馬); Chinese rule over the Korean Peninsula under the Daifang Commandery
Tang dynasty (당나라/唐朝) (AD 668–690, AD 705–761) – Ruled by the House of Li (이/李); Chinese rule over the Korean Peninsula under the Protectorate General to Pacify the East (안동도호부/安東都護府)
Wu Zhou (무주/武周) (AD 690–705) – Interrupted the Tang dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wu (무/武)
North-South States (남북국/南北國) (AD 698–892)
Later Silla (후신라/後新羅) (AD 668–935) – Ruled by the House of Kim (김/金); Also called "Unified Silla" (통일신라/統一新羅)
Balhae (발해/渤海) (AD 698–926) – Ruled by the House of Dae (대/大)
Later Three Kingdoms (후삼국/後三國) (AD 892–936)
Later Silla (후신라/後新羅) (AD 668–935) – Ruled by the House of Kim (김/金); Also called "Unified Silla" (통일신라/統一新羅)
Taebong (태봉/泰封) (AD 901–918) – Ruled by the House of Gung (궁/弓); Also called "Later Goguryeo" (후고구려/後高句麗)
Later Baekje (후백제/後百濟) (AD 892–936) – Ruled by the House of Gyeon (견/甄)
Goryeo (고려/高麗) (AD 918–1392) – Ruled by the House of Wang (왕/王)
Later Sabeol (후사벌/後沙伐) (AD 919–927)
Jeongan (정안/定安) (AD 938–986)
Usan (우산국/于山國) (?–AD 1022)
Heungyo (흥요/興遼) (AD 1029–1030) – Ruled by the House of Dae (대/大)
Jin dynasty (금나라/金朝) (AD 1115–1234) – Ruled by the House of Wanyan (완안/完顔)
Yuan dynasty (원나라/元朝) (AD 1270–1356) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (보르지긴/孛兒只斤); Goryeo ruled as the Zhengdong Province (정동등처행중서성/征東等處行中書省) of the Yuan dynasty
Joseon (조선/朝鮮) (AD 1392–1897) – Ruled by the House of Yi (이/李)
Kuwait[edit]
Laos[edit]
Malaysia[edit]
The Maldives[edit]
Mesopotamia[edit]
Mongolia[edit]
Myanmar (Burma)[edit]
Nepal[edit]
Kirat dynasty
Licchavi (लिच्छवि) (c. AD 400–750)
Tibetan Empire (AD 618–842)
Simroun dynasty (AD 1097–1324)
Khasa-Malla Kingdom (खस मल्ल राज्य) (AD 11th century–14th century)
Malla dynasty (AD 1201–1779)
Shah dynasty (शाह वंश) (AD 1559–2008)
Pande dynasty (पाँडे वंश) (AD 1744–1843) – Hereditary non-monarchical political leaders (Non-sovereign)
Basnyat dynasty (बस्न्यात वंश) (AD 1747–1846) – Hereditary non-monarchical political leaders (Non-sovereign)
Thapa dynasty (थापा वंश) (AD 1806–1837, AD 1843–1845) – Hereditary non-monarchical political leaders (Non-sovereign)
Rana dynasty (राणा वंश) (AD 1846–1951) – Hereditary non-monarchical political leaders (Non-sovereign)
Mithridatic dynasty (281–37 BC) – Pontus (Βασίλειο του Πόντου)
Julio–Claudian dynasty (Ιουλιο-Κλαυδιανή δυναστεία) (27 BC–AD 68) – Greece under Roman rule
Flavian dynasty (AD 68–96) – Greece under Roman rule
Nerva–Antonine dynasty (AD 96–192) – Greece under Roman rule
Severan dynasty (AD 193–235) – Greece under Roman rule
Gordian dynasty (AD 238–244) – Greece under Roman rule
Decian dynasty (AD 249–253) – Greece under Roman rule
Valerian dynasty (AD 253–268) – Greece under Roman rule
Illyrian emperors (AD 268–284) – Greece under Roman rule
Caran dynasty (AD 282–285) – Greece under Roman rule
Constantinian dynasty (Δυναστεία του Κωνσταντίνου) (AD 305–363) – Greece under Roman/Byzantine rule
Valentinian dynasty (Δυναστεία του Βαλεντινιανού) (AD 364–392) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Theodosian dynasty (Δυναστεία του Θεοδοσίου) (AD 379–457) – Greece under Byzantine rule
House of Leo (Δυναστεία του Λέοντος) (AD 457–518) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Justinian dynasty (AD 518–602) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Heraclian dynasty (AD 610–711) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Isaurian dynasty (Δυναστεία των Ισαύρων) (AD 717–802) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Nikephorian dynasty (Δυναστεία του Νικηφόρου) (AD 802–813) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Amorian dynasty (AD 820–867) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Macedonian dynasty (Δυναστεία των Μακεδόνων) (AD 867–1056) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Doukid dynasty (Δυναστεία των Δουκών) (AD 1059–1081) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Komnenos dynasty (Δυναστεία των Κομνηνών) (AD 1081–1185) – Greece under Byzantine rule
Angelos dynasty (Οίκος των Αγγέλων) (AD 1185–1204) – Greece under Byzantine rule
House of Flanders (Οίκος της Φλάνδρας) (AD 1204–1216) – Greece within the Latin Empire (Λατινική Αυτοκρατορία)
Capetian House of Courtenay (AD 1216–1261) – Greece within the Latin Empire
Palaiologos dynasty (Δυναστεία των Παλαιολόγων) (AD 1261–1453) – Byzantine rule in Greece restored
House of Barcelona (Οίκος της Βαρκελώνης) (AD 1319–1387) – Duchy of Neopatras
Ottoman dynasty (Οθωμανική Δυναστεία) (AD 1458–1830) – Greece under Ottoman rule
House of Wittelsbach (Οίκος του Βίττελσμπαχ) (AD 1832–1862) – Kingdom of Greece (Βασίλειο της Ελλάδας)
House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Οίκος του Σλέσβιχ-Χόλσταϊν-Σόντερμπουργκ-Γκλύξμπουργκ) (AD 1863–1924, AD 1935–1973) – Kingdom of Greece
Hungary[edit]
Iceland[edit]
Ireland[edit]
Italy[edit]
Julio–Claudian dynasty (Dinastia giulio-claudia) (27 BC–AD 68) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Flavian dynasty (Dinastia flavia) (AD 68–96) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Nerva–Antonine dynasty (AD 96–192) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Severan dynasty (Dinastia dei Severi) (AD 193–235) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Gordian dynasty (AD 238–244) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Decian dynasty (AD 249–253) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Valerian dynasty (AD 253–268) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Illyrian emperors (Imperatori illirici) (AD 268–284) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Caran dynasty (AD 282–285) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Constantinian dynasty (Dinastia costantiniana) (AD 305–363) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Valentinian dynasty (Casata di Valentiniano) (AD 364–392) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Theodosian dynasty (Casata di Teodosio) (AD 392–455) – Italy within the Roman Empire
House of Leo (Casata di Leone) (AD 474–476) – Italy within the Roman Empire
Amali dynasty (AD 493–553)
Lething dynasty (Letingi) (c. AD 5th century–546)
Gausian dynasty (Gausi) (AD 546–572)
Justinian dynasty (Dinastia giustinianea) (c. AD 555) – Italy within the Byzantine Empire
Bavarian dynasty (Bavarese) (AD 616–626, AD 653–662, AD 671–712)
Harodingian dynasty (Arodingi) (AD 636–653)
Beneventan dynasty (AD 662–671)
Carolingian dynasty (Carolingi) (AD 774–888)
House of Boniface (AD 812–931)
Anatolian dynasty (AD 839–866)
House of Capua (AD 840–866, AD 871–1058)
House of Spoleto (AD 866–871)
Docibilan dynasty (AD 866–1032)
House of Boso (AD 931–1001)
Aleramici (AD 933–1305)
Kalbids (Kalbiti) (AD 948–1053)
House of Musco Comite (AD 958–1039, AD 1052–1073)
Ottonian dynasty (Dinastia ottoniana) (AD 962–1024)
House of Hucpold (AD 1004–1011)
House of Canossa (Casa di Canossa) (AD 1027–1115)
Salian dynasty (Dinastia salica) (AD 1027–1125)
House of Salerno (AD 1038–1052)
Süpplingenburg dynasty (AD 1125–1137)
Hauteville family (Altavilla) (AD 1071–1198)
Hohenstaufen (AD 1128–1266)
Visconti of Pisa and Sardinia (Visconti di Pisa) (AD 1207–1308)
House of Welf (Welfen) (AD 1208–1212)
House of Este (Casa d'Este) (AD 1240–1796)
House of Plantagenet (Plantageneti) (AD 1254–1263) – Ineffectual claim to the Sicilian throne
Capetian dynasty (Capetingi) (AD 1266–1442, AD 1499–1512, AD 1515–1521, AD 1700–1713, AD 1731–1861)
House of Barcelona (Casa di Barcellona) (AD 1282–1410)
Palaiologos dynasty (Paleologi) (AD 1306–1533)
House of Luxembourg (Casata di Lussemburgo) (AD 1311–1313, AD 1355–1437)
House of Wittelsbach (Casato di Wittelsbach) (AD 1327–1347)
Albizzi family (AD 1382–1434)
Visconti of Milan (AD 1395–1447)
House of Trastámara (Casa de Trastámara) (AD 1412–1516, AD 1442–1501, AD 1504–1516)
House of Medici (AD 1434–1494, AD 1512–1737)
House of Habsburg (Casa d'Asburgo) (AD 1437–1780)
House of Sforza (Famiglia Sforza) (AD 1450–1499, AD 1513–1515, AD 1522–1535)
House of Gonzaga (AD 1536–1708)
House of Farnese (AD 1545–1731)
House of Guise (Casa di Guisa) (AD 1647–1648)
House of Bonaparte (AD 1805–1814)
House of Murat (Casa Murat) (AD 1808–1815)
House of Savoy (Casa Savoia) (AD 1713–1720, AD 1762–1799, AD 1861–1946)
Liechtenstein[edit]
Luxembourg[edit]
Malta[edit]
Monaco[edit]
Montenegro[edit]
Netherlands[edit]
Norway[edit]
Poland[edit]
Portugal[edit]
County of Portugal[edit]
Kingdom of Portugal[edit]
Roman Empire[edit]
Romania[edit]
Before the Unification[edit]
Moldavia[edit]
Wallachia[edit]
After the Unification[edit]
Russia[edit]
Khazar Khaganate (Хазары) (AD 650–969)
Volga Bulgaria (Волжская Булгария) (AD 7th century–1242)
Rus' Khaganate (Русский каганат) (AD 8th century–9th century) – Hypothesized
Kyi dynasty (AD 842–882)
Rurik dynasty (Рю́риковичи) (AD 862–1598, AD 1605–1610)
Golden Horde (Золотая Орда) (AD 1242–1502) – Russia under Mongol rule
Qasim dynasty (AD 1575–1576)
Godunov dynasty (Годуно́в) (AD 1598–1605)
House of Vasa (Васа) (AD 1610–1613)
House of Romanov (Рома́новы) (AD 1613–1762, AD 1796–1917, AD 1922)
Kalmyk Khanate (Калмыцкое ханство) (AD 1630–1771)
House of Ascania (Аскании) (AD 1762–1796)
Scotland[edit]
Serbia[edit]
Spain[edit]
Before the Unification[edit]
Aragon[edit]
Asturias[edit]
Barcelona[edit]
Castile[edit]
León[edit]
Navarre[edit]
After the Unification (1516)[edit]
Sweden[edit]
House of Munsö (c. AD 970–1060)
House of Stenkil (AD 1060–1126)
House of Estridsen (AD 1126–1132, AD 1160–1161, AD 1389–1412)
House of Sverker (AD 1130–1156, AD 1161–1167, AD 1196–1208, AD 1216–1222)
House of Eric (Erikska ätten) (AD 1156–1160, AD 1167–1196, AD 1208–1216, AD 1222–1250)
House of Bjelbo (Bjälboätten) (AD 1250–1364)
House of Mecklenburg (AD 1364–1389)
House of Griffins (AD 1396–1439)
House of Wittelsbach (Huset Wittelsbach) (AD 1441–1448, AD 1654–1720)
Bonde (AD 1448–1457, AD 1464–1465, AD 1467–1470)
House of Oldenburg (AD 1457–1464, AD 1497–1501, AD 1520–1521)
House of Vasa (AD 1523–1654)
House of Hesse (AD 1720–1751)
House of Bernadotte (AD 1818–present)
Ukraine[edit]
Wales[edit]
North America[edit]
Alaska[edit]
Antigua and Barbuda[edit]
House of Stuart (AD 1632–1649, AD 1660–1714) – Antigua and Barbuda under English rule (AD 1632–1649, AD 1660–1707) and Antigua and Barbuda under British rule (AD 1707–1714)
House of Hanover (AD 1714–1901) – Antigua and Barbuda under British rule
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (AD 1901–1917) – Antigua and Barbuda under British rule
The Bahamas[edit]
Barbados[edit]
House of Stuart (AD 1625–1649, AD 1660–1714) – Barbados under English rule (AD 1625–1649, AD 1660–1707) and Barbados under British rule (AD 1707–1714)
House of Hanover (AD 1714–1901) – Barbados under British rule
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (AD 1901–1917) – Barbados under British rule
Belize[edit]
Bermuda[edit]
Canada[edit]
Cuba[edit]
House of Trastámara (Casa de Trastámara) (AD 1511–1516) – Cuba under Spanish rule
House of Habsburg (Casa de Habsburgo) (AD 1516–1700) – Cuba under Spanish rule
House of Bourbon-Anjou (Casa de Borbón-Anjou) (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1868, AD 1874–1898) – Cuba under Spanish rule
House of Bonaparte (Casa de Bonaparte) (AD 1808–1813) – Cuba under Spanish rule
House of Savoy (Casa de Saboya) (AD 1870–1873) – Cuba under Spanish rule
El Salvador[edit]
Greenland[edit]
Grenada[edit]
Haiti[edit]
Jamaica[edit]
Maya[edit]
Mexico[edit]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[edit]
Conterminous United States[edit]
South America[edit]
Argentina[edit]
House of Habsburg (Casa de Habsburgo) (AD 1534–1700) – Argentina under Spanish rule
House of Bourbon-Anjou (Casa de Borbón-Anjou) (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1816) – Argentina under Spanish rule
House of Bonaparte (Casa de Bonaparte) (AD 1808–1813) – Argentina under Spanish rule
Brazil[edit]
House of Aviz (Dinastia de Avis) (AD 1500–1580) – Brazil under Portuguese rule
Philippine dynasty (Dinastia filipina) (AD 1580–1640) – Brazil under Portuguese rule
Chile[edit]
Peru[edit]
Oceania[edit]
Australia[edit]
Cook Islands[edit]
Fiji[edit]
Hawaii[edit]
New Zealand[edit]
Papua New Guinea[edit]
Solomon Islands[edit]
Tahiti[edit]
Tonga[edit]
Tuvalu[edit]
Antarctica[edit]
List of dynasties currently in power[edit]
As of 2019, there are 44 sovereign states with a monarch as head of state, of which 22 are ruled by dynasties.
Political dynasties in republics[edit]
Though in elected governments, rule does not pass automatically by inheritance, political power often accrues to generations of related individuals in republics. Eminence, influence, tradition, genetics, and nepotism may contribute to the phenomenon.
Family dictatorships are a different concept in which political power passes within a family because of the overwhelming authority of the leader, rather than informal power accrued to the family.
Some political dynasties in republics:
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Look up dynasty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
^ abOxford English Dictionary1st ed. "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.
^Oxford English Dictionary3rd ed. "house, n.¹ and int10. b." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2011.
^Thomson, David (1961). "The Institutions of Monarchy". Europe Since Napoleon. New York: Knopf. pp. 79–80. The basic idea of monarchy was the idea that hereditary right gave the best title to political power...The dangers of disputed succession were best avoided by hereditary succession: ruling families had a natural interest in passing on to their descendants enhanced power and prestige...Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Maria Theresa of Austria, were alike infatuated with the idea of strengthening their power, centralizing government in their own hands as against local and feudal privileges, and so acquiring more absolute authority in the state. Moreover, the very dynastic rivalries and conflicts between these eighteenth-century monarchs drove them to look for ever more efficient methods of government
^Liddell, Henry George & al. A Greek–English Lexicon: "δυναστεία". Hosted by Tufts University's Perseus Project.
^Liddell & al. A Greek–English Lexicon: "δυνάστης".
^Liddell & al. A Greek–English Lexicon: "δύναμις".
^Liddell & al. "δύναμαι".
^ abStatement by Nick Clegg MP, UK parliament website, 26 March 2015 (retrieved on same date).
^"Monaco royal taken seriously ill". BBC News . London. 8 April 2005. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
^including County of Flanders, Marquisate of Namur, Duchy of Brabant, County of Hainaut, Duchy of Limburg, County of Luxembourg
Thứ Sáu, ngày 26/10/2018 20:20 PM (GMT+7) Chiếc xe máy chở hai người lớn cùng một cháu nhỏ đang lưu thông trên cầu Chương Dương bất ngờ bốc cháy dữ dội, khiến người dân được một phen hoảng hốt.
Clip: Xe máy bốc cháy dữ dội giữa cầu Chương Dương khiến người dân hoảng hốt (Nguồn: Nguyễn Đăng Hào)
Tối 26/10, trao đổi với PV, một lãnh đạo Đội 5 phòng Cảnh sát giao thông Công an TP.Hà Nội xác nhận và cho biết trên cầu Chương Dương vừa xảy ra sự việc một chiếc xe máy đang lưu thông bất ngờ bốc cháy.
Thông tin ban đầu, khoảng 18h ngày 26/10, một chiếc xe máy chở hai người lớn cùng một cháu nhỏ đang lưu thông trên cầu Chương Dương bất ngờ bốc cháy dữ dội khiến chủ xe phải bỏ chạy thoát thân.
Vụ cháy xảy ra vào giờ tan tầm nên cầu Chương Dương bị ùn tắc một đoạn dài, nhiều người hoảng hốt khi thấy ngọn lửa bùng lên giữa cầu.
Chiếc xe bốc cháy dữ dội giữa cầu Chương Dương gây ùn tắc giao t...
Chiều 26/10, bà Molly Stephenson, Tham tán Thông tin Văn hóa Đại sứ quán Mỹ tại Hà Nội đã trao khoản tài trợ trị giá 92.500 USD cho Trung tâm bảo tồn Di sản thành nhà Hồ (Thanh Hóa). Khoản tiền được trích từ Quỹ bảo tồn văn hóa của Đại sứ Mỹ (AFCP) nhằm thực hiện dự án tu sửa cấp thiết mái vòm và bảo tồn cổng thành phía Nam, di sản thành nhà Hồ. Cổng thành phía Nam, di sản thành nhà Hồ sẽ được trùng tu trong thời gian tới. Ảnh: L ê Hoàng. Tham tán Molly Stephenson bày tỏ sự ngưỡng mộ đối với các giá trị truyền thống và di sản giàu có của Việt Nam. "Di sản văn hóa là cầu nối giữa quá khứ và tương lai, đồng thời cũng làm giàu những trải nghiệm hiện tại của chúng ta. Chúng tôi vinh dự được đồng hành cùng các bạn để bảo tồn di tích lịch sử này vì lợi ích của các thế hệ mai sau", bà Molly Stephenson nói. Thành nhà Hồ là công trình kiến trúc bằng đá độc đáo có một không hai tại Việt Nam, được xây dựng chỉ trong ba tháng (từ tháng 1/1397). Thành còn được gọi là Tây Đô (hay Tây Giai)...
Phục hưng Ý Ngày Thế kỷ 14 - Thế kỷ 17 Địa điểm Các quốc gia thành phố của Ý Những người tham gia 19659010] Chuyển từ thời trung cổ sang thời hiện đại Phục hưng Ý (tiếng Ý: Rinascimento [rinaʃʃiˈmento] ) là một giai đoạn lịch sử châu Âu bắt đầu ở Ý vào thế kỷ 14 (Trecento) và kéo dài đến thế kỷ 17 (Seicento), đánh dấu bước chuyển từ thời trung cổ sang hiện đại. Từ tiếng Pháp phục hưng ( Rinascimento trong tiếng Ý) có nghĩa là "Tái sinh" và định nghĩa thời kỳ là một trong những sự phục hưng văn hóa và đổi mới quan tâm đến thời cổ đại của các nhà cổ đại thời Phục hưng. . Tác giả thời Phục hưng Giorgio Vasari đã sử dụng thuật ngữ "Tái sinh" trong Cuộc đời của các họa sĩ, nhà điêu khắc và kiến trúc sư xuất sắc nhất nhưng khái niệm này chỉ trở nên phổ biến trong thế kỷ 19, sau các tác phẩm của các học giả như Jules Michelet và Jacob Burckhardt. Thời kỳ Phục hưng Châu Âu bắt đầu ở Tuscany (Trung Ý), và tập trung ở thành phố Florence. [...
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